Palestinians Request U.N. Status; Powers Press for Talks
UNITED NATIONS — Shortly after President Mahmoud Abbas
of the Palestinian Authority formally requested the Security Council to
grant full United Nations membership on Friday, international powers
reached an agreement on terms to restart talks between Israel and the Palestinians, diplomats and Obama administration officials said.
Mahmoud Abbas, left, the president of the Palestinian
Authority, handed a formal letter to Ban Ki-moon, the United Nations
secretary general, requesting full United Nations membership.
Details of the understanding between the United States, the United
Nations, the European Union and Russia, known as the Quartet, were due
to be announced later on Friday. But officials said they hoped the
statement would lead to a new round of negotiations between Israel and
the Palestinian leadership after many months of stalemate.
Catherine Ashton, the European foreign policy chief, said the proposal
did not try to solve the preconditions that both presidents have stated
before and repeated Friday in their statements at the United Nations.
The Palestinians have demanded a freeze on settlement expansion, for
example, while Israel wants to be recognized as a Jewish state.
“What we have tried to do is to set the framework in which they can have
those discussions and reach agreement,” Ms. Ashton told a news
conference. She said the most important aspect of the statement was the
time frame: beginning talks within four weeks, significant progress on
borders and security within three months and a full agreement by the end
of 2012.
Yet, the Quartet’s statement was a watered down document, avoiding any
of the difficult — and highly contentious — issues that have been the
focus of negotiations for months and that continue to divide the
Israelis and Palestinians. It did reaffirm “strong support for the
vision of Israeli-Palestinian peace” outlined by President Obama in May.
That included two states separated by the borders that existed in 1967
with “land swaps” to account for Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem
and the West Bank.
It called on the Israelis and Palestinians to meet and agree on an
agenda and schedule for resuming direct negotiations within a month and
to come forward with “comprehensive proposals” on territory and security
within three months, before the end of this year. The two sides should
make “substantial progress” within six months and complete a final
agreement before the end of 2012.
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton emerged from the unexpected
meeting of the Quartet at the United Nations and praised the “concrete
and detailed proposal.”
She added: “We urge both parties to take advantage of this opportunity
to get back to get back to talks, and the United States pledges our
support as the parties themselves take the important next steps for a
two-solution, which is what all of us are hoping to achieve.”
Even though Ms. Ashton called it a comprehensive approach, the real
prospects of meaningful negotiations remained doubtful on a day when Mr.
Abbas and the Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, delivered
strongly worded addresses stoutly defending their respective positions.
Even so, both leaders said in their speeches they were open to talks,
though neither reacted immediately to the Quartet’s proposal.
Mr. Abbas was greeted by numerous standing ovations from the moment he
approached the lectern to deliver his speech to the General Assembly. “I
do not believe anyone with a shred of conscience can reject our
application for full admission in the United Nations,” Mr. Abbas said,
calling statehood “the realization of the inalienable national rights of
the Palestinian people.”
The largest and most sustained applause, along with cheers and whistles
of approval, came as Mr. Abbas held up a copy of the letter requesting
membership that he said he had handed to Secretary General Ban Ki-moon
shortly before. “The time has come,” he said.
Less than an hour later, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel
took to the same lectern in “a hall that for too long has been a place
of darkness for my country” and said that he would not be seeking
applause but rather speaking hard truths. “The truth is the Palestinians
want a state without peace and you should not let that happen,” he
said.
Mr. Netanyahu lashed out at the United Nations, whose prior actions
against Israeli he described as “a theater of the absurd,” and
challenged a comment by Mr. Abbas that the Palestinians were armed “only
with their hopes and dreams.”
“Hopes, dreams — and 10,000 missiles and Grad rockets supplied by Iran,"
Mr. Netanyahu said. He repeatedly stressed Israel’s small size, saying
it needed strategic depth to defend itself, particularly from the
growing threat of militant Islam in the region.
Both men spoke for about 40-minutes, often in almost professorial tones,
with Mr. Netanyahu sounding like a geography professor as he laid out
the threat Israel faced from so close at hand.
The request for Palestinian statehood on land occupied by Israel has
become the dominant issue at this year’s General Assembly, refocusing
global attention on one of the world’s most intractable conflicts.
Both men used the occasion to summarize the history of the conflict from
their own perspectives. Mr. Netanyahu, in his early remarks, reviewed
the many occasions when the United Nations had issued resolutions
against Israel, saying the country had been unjustly singled out for
condemnation “more often than all the other nations combined.”
Mr. Abbas said every previous peace effort had been “shattered on the
rock” of Israeli settlements and cited what he said was the historical
responsibility of the United Nations to solve the problem.
He described the West Bank as “the last occupation” in the world, one
that showed no sign of ending. “It is neither possible nor practical nor
acceptable to return to conducting business as usual,” he said.
Drawing a line between his statehood request and the revolutions that
swept through the Arab world this spring, he said, “The time has come
also for the Palestinian spring, the time for independence.”
The Security Council is likely to take up the issue in earnest next
week, diplomats said, when the question becomes whether the United
States and its allies can stall it.
Washington is also working to prevent the Palestinians from gathering
the nine votes needed for it to pass in the full council and thus avoid
further wrecking the image of the United States in the Middle East by
casting yet another veto against something Arabs dearly want.
The United States and the other members of the quartet that guides the
negotiations — the United Nations, the European Union, and Russia — are
all trying to restart direct talks between Israel and the Palestinians
before any vote becomes necessary. The hope is that if negotiations
begin in earnest, that the membership request can be postponed until the
negotiations are over.
The diplomatic wrangling at the United Nations is expected to take several weeks before the question of a vote arises.
Among the 15 members, some are expected to stay solidly in the
Palestinian camp, including Brazil, China, India, Lebanon, South Africa
and Russia. The United States is a solid vote against, and the five
European members — Bosnia and Herzegovina, Britain, France, Germany, and
Portugal — are all question marks. The positions of Colombia, Gabon and
Nigeria are also murky.
The African Union supports membership, but it is not entirely clear if
Gabon and Nigeria will go along. President Goodluck Jonathan of Nigeria
did not mention the issue in his speech to the General Assembly, unlike
many leaders from the developing world who support Palestine, and the
statement by President Ali Bongo Ondimba of Gabon, was somewhat
enigmatic. He said he hoped to soon see a Palestinian state, but noted
that both the Palestinians and the people of Israel are friends of
Gabon.
In Europe, Germany tends to lean against, its relations with Israel
always overshadowed by the legacy of World War II. France leans the
other way, while Britain sits on the fence. Portugal and Bosnia have
been close to the Palestinians and the Arab world in the past, but their
support is not assured this time around.
In theory, United Nations procedures demand that the special 15-member
committee — one from each state — that studies the membership issue
report back in 35 days, but nothing is more flexible than a deadline at
the United Nations. Security Council members can stall things for weeks
and weeks by requesting more information or by saying they are waiting
for instructions from their capitals.
Behind them, though, looms the policy enunciated by President Nicholas
Sarkozy of France, who said that the Palestinians should get enhanced
status in the General Assembly, moving from an observer entity to a
non-member observer state.
Alain Juppe, the French foreign minister, said it would wait to see what
happens in the Security Council before moving forward. By tradition,
the General Assembly does not take up an issue when the Security Council
is studying it and vice versa, but it is not impossible.
The historic day of speeches engendered a sense that the issue of the
Palestinian-Israeli conflict had come full circle. The Palestinians call
their membership application a desperate attempt to preserve the
two-state solution despite encroaching Israeli settlements, as well as
an attempt to shake up the negotiations that they feel have achieved
little after 20 years of American oversight.
The question is whether trying to bring the intractable problem back to
its international roots will somehow provide the needed jolt to get
negotiations moving again.
The general point of view of the Israeli government and its supporters
is that the Palestinians and their Arab allies gave up the right to the
United Nations resolutions detailing a two state solution by rejecting
that original plan and waging war against Israel for six decades.
But after every war, the United Nations resolutions and indeed the peace
treaties with other Arab states have all reaffirmed the resolutions
that outline the two-state compromise, starting with General Assembly
resolution 181 in 1947. In the annex of their membership application
submitted to Mr. Ban today, the Palestinians listed every United Nations
resolution that envisioned a two-state solution that has not been
implemented, they said.